Where the obligation comes from
For chemical and petrochemical plants the binding constraint is usually not the pollution board - it is the MSIHC Rules. Once a site stores a listed hazardous chemical above its threshold it becomes a Major Accident Hazard installation, and a defined set of studies, plans and notifications follows.
Many sites cross that threshold without noticing, because it is triggered by inventory, and inventory changes with procurement decisions that nobody routes past EHS.
The process safety studies, in order
| Stage | Study |
|---|---|
| Concept, site selection | HAZID |
| P&IDs firm | HAZOP |
| Protection layer is instrumented | SIL determination and verification |
| Consequences reach beyond the fence | Consequence and dispersion analysis, then QRA |
| Fire and explosion exposure | FERA, F&G mapping |
| Emergency planning | EERA, on-site emergency plan |
Environmental obligations alongside
- Fugitive emissions from flanges, pumps and seals - the largest uncounted source on most chemical sites
- Process vents, scrubbers and periodic stack monitoring
- Effluent that is frequently high-TDS and poorly biodegradable, pushing sites towards ZLD
- Hazardous waste under authorisation, including spent catalyst and distillation residue
- Form V and the rest of the statutory filing calendar
Why both disciplines in one firm matters here
A chemical site's environmental case and its safety case rest on the same inventory, the same process conditions and the same release scenarios. When an EIA consultant and a process safety consultant work separately, the two documents routinely contradict each other on exactly those numbers - and that contradiction is what an appraisal committee or an inspector notices. We prepare both from one set of assumptions.
Frequently asked questions
How do we know if we are an MAH installation?
It is decided by the quantity of listed hazardous chemicals you store or handle against the thresholds in Schedules 2 and 3 of the MSIHC Rules. It is an inventory question, not a size question - a small unit holding one listed chemical above threshold qualifies.
We have a HAZOP from years ago. Is it still valid?
A HAZOP describes the plant on the day it was done. If throughput, catalyst, layout or control philosophy has changed since, revalidation is due - and good practice is five years regardless. See our PHA page.
Do we need a QRA, or is HAZOP enough?
HAZOP identifies what can go wrong. QRA quantifies how likely and how far the consequences reach. Once credible scenarios could affect people outside the fence, or where a regulator or insurer asks for risk numbers, QRA becomes necessary.
Can you handle both the environmental and the safety scope?
Yes - that is the point of the combination. Consents, EIA, monitoring and audits sit alongside HAZOP, QRA and MAH compliance, prepared on one consistent set of process assumptions.